MAP LEGEND:

Rapid Support Force (RSF) controlled Area

The Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Sudan are a paramilitary force that emerged from the Janjaweed militias, which gained infamy for their role in the Darfur conflict in the early 2000s. The RSF was officially established in 2013 under the government of President Omar al-Bashir. It has been accused of various human rights abuses, including atrocities committed in Darfur, as well as crackdowns on protests in other parts of Sudan. The RSF has been involved in various activities, including border security operations, counter-insurgency campaigns, and efforts to control smuggling and human trafficking. However, its methods and actions have drawn criticism from human rights organizations and other international bodies for alleged abuses and violations of human rights.

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The Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) is a rebel group in Sudan. It emerged in 2003 as part of the Darfur conflict, a complex and protracted conflict that arose when ethnic minority groups in the Darfur region of western Sudan rebelled against the government of Sudan, alleging marginalization and discrimination. The Al Nur faction has been one of the major rebel groups involved in the Darfur conflict. The conflict in Darfur has resulted in significant humanitarian consequences, including displacement, violence against civilians, and humanitarian crises. Efforts to resolve the conflict have included peace talks, mediation efforts, and attempts to implement peace agreements, although a comprehensive and lasting resolution has remained elusive.

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The Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) are the military forces of Sudan. They are responsible for protecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Sudan, as well as maintaining internal security. The Sudan Armed Forces consist of the army, air force, navy, and various paramilitary units. Since the ousting of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019, Sudan has been undergoing a transitional period, during which there have been efforts to reform and restructure the military, as well as to negotiate peace agreements with rebel groups. The role and composition of the Sudan Armed Forces may evolve as Sudan continues its transition towards civilian-led governance and seeks to address the country's longstanding conflicts and security challenges.

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SPLM-N (Agar) controlled area

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) is a political and military organization that emerged from the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), which fought against the government of Sudan in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005). In 2011, the SPLM-N split into two factions: one led by Malik Agar, known as SPLM-N (Agar), and another led by Abdelaziz al-Hilu, known as SPLM-N (al-Hilu). The division arose over differences in ideology and strategy, particularly regarding the relationship between religion and the state, as well as the prioritization of self-determination for South Kordofan and Blue Nile. SPLM-N (Agar) has been involved in various peace negotiations with the Sudanese government and other rebel groups. Its goal is to address the political and economic marginalization of the regions it represents and to achieve a comprehensive peace agreement that addresses the grievances of the people of Blue Nile and South Kordofan.

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SPLM-N (al-Hilu) is one of the main rebel groups operating in Sudan, particularly in the regions of Blue Nile and South Kordofan. The movement has been engaged in armed conflict with the Sudanese government, advocating for the rights of the marginalized populations in these regions, which are ethnically and culturally distinct from the dominant groups in Sudan.

Abdelaziz al-Hilu, the leader of SPLM-N (al-Hilu), has led the movement with a focus on issues such as self-determination, religious freedom, and the secularization of the Sudanese state. He has pushed for greater autonomy for the regions of Blue Nile and South Kordofan and has been involved in peace negotiations with the Sudanese government and other rebel groups.

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The city of Khartoum and surrounding areas within 25km of the city borders is currently a Red Zone and is considered extreme risk to injury, sickness, detainment, kidnap, and/or death.

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