Iran Country Report

Iran is a MEDIUM RISK country. Widespread civil unrest, hostile security services, arbitrary detention, and natural disasters present risks to travellers in Iran.

Essential Precautions:

• Avoid street food in general and only drink bottled water.
• Avoid demonstrations and protests, as they can often turn violent.
• Avoid travel to the borders with Iraq or Afghanistan.
• Do not photograph government buildings or military installations, as this could lead to an espionage charge which carries the death penalty.
• Avoid travel to Sistan, Baluchistan, Ilam, Khuzestan, East Azerbaijan, and West Azerbaijan provinces.

Travelling to Iran presents several risks and challenges due to its political situation, cultural differences, and government regulations. The situation can change rapidly, so it's essential to consult up-to-date travel advisories from your government or reliable sources such as the US State Department, UK Foreign Office, or your country's equivalent. Here are some factors to consider:

Political Situation

Iran's political landscape has undergone significant changes following the death of President Ebrahim Raisi in May 2024 and the subsequent election of reformist President Masoud Pezeshkian in July 2024. Despite these shifts, tensions with Western countries and regional rivals persist, particularly in light of recent conflicts involving Iran's allies in the Middle East. Travelers should remain informed about the current political climate, as diplomatic disputes, sanctions, or military conflicts can arise unexpectedly. Engaging in political activities or discussing sensitive topics is strongly discouraged, as such actions may attract scrutiny or surveillance from authorities.

Crime and Security

Civil unrest continues to pose risks to travellers in Iran. The "Woman, Life, Freedom" protests, which began in 2022 following the death of Mahsa Amini, have led to ongoing demonstrations and a heavy-handed response from security forces. The United Nations has reported that Iranian authorities committed crimes against humanity during the crackdown on these protests, including acts of murder, torture, and sexual violence.

While the risk of violent crime remains low, covert monitoring of foreigners by Iranian security forces is prevalent. Arbitrary detention and imprisonment are significant concerns, especially for dual nationals and individuals associated with Western institutions. Petty crimes such as bag-snatching and pickpocketing occur, often perpetrated by individuals on motorcycles. Travellers should exercise caution, particularly in border regions like Sistan and Baluchestan, where there is an elevated risk of kidnapping due to the presence of criminal groups. Although the threat of terrorism is relatively low, past incidents, including attacks by ISIS in Tehran and activities by separatist groups in various provinces, indicate that the risk is not negligible. Travellers are advised to stay updated on local developments, avoid participation in political gatherings, and maintain a low profile to mitigate potential risks.

Cultural Differences

Iran has a rich cultural heritage and follows Islamic customs and traditions. Travellers should respect local customs, dress modestly (particularly women, who are required to wear a headscarf in public), and adhere to Islamic principles such as refraining from public displays of affection. Alcohol consumption and certain Western cultural practices may be restricted or frowned upon.

Government Regulations

Iran has strict laws and regulations governing behaviour, particularly concerning morality, social conduct, and political expression. Activities such as engaging in LGBTQ+ relationships, criticising the government, or proselytising may be illegal and could result in arrest, imprisonment, or deportation. Foreign nationals are subject to Iranian law while in the country, and penalties for violations can be severe.

Health and Medical Care

Iran has a relatively well-developed healthcare system in urban areas, but medical facilities may be limited in rural areas. Travellers should have comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical expenses, including evacuation in case of serious illness or injury. It's also advisable to carry necessary medications and seek medical advice before travelling to Iran.

Digital Surveillance and Internet Restrictions

Iran has strict controls over internet access and digital communication. Social media platforms, messaging apps, and certain websites may be blocked or heavily monitored by the government. Travellers should be cautious when using the internet and avoid accessing or sharing sensitive information that could attract unwanted attention from authorities. Using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) may help bypass some restrictions, but it's important to be aware of the legal implications of circumventing censorship laws.

Environmental Hazards

Iran is prone to natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, and dust storms. Travellers should be aware of potential environmental hazards and take precautions to stay safe. Earthquakes can occur without warning, so it's important to know emergency procedures and evacuation routes. During periods of heavy rainfall, flooding and landslides may occur, particularly in mountainous regions. Dust storms, known as khamsin, can reduce visibility and pose respiratory health risks, so travellers should seek shelter and avoid outdoor activities during storms.

Transport & Infrastructure Risk

While the road system in Iran is generally good, road quality is poorer in rural and remote areas. Local drivers tend to drive aggressively and do not rigorously adhere to traffic regulations. Traffic accidents are the second-highest cause of death in the country. Official taxis, typically yellow or white with a red stripe, are usually unmetered and are assumed to be shared unless the rider requests otherwise. These are generally safe for male passengers; however, Iranian police estimate that 30 percent of sexual assaults and rape in the country are perpetrated by male taxi drivers. Green, female-only taxis are available and are generally safe for female travellers. The electrical grid, communications network, road system, and most buildings are not built to be earthquake-proof and are vulnerable in the case of a seismic event. The electrical grid is somewhat reliable.
By considering these factors and taking necessary precautions, travellers can minimise risks and enjoy a rewarding experience in Iran. It's important to research and understand the local laws, customs, and cultural norms before visiting the country. It's also advisable to check travel advisories from your government or international organisations before planning your trip. Overall, with proper planning and awareness, Iran can offer a rewarding travel experience despite the challenges.

Choosing the Right Cover for Your Trip to Iran

As Iran is a sanctioned country, Insurers will likely exclude cover for travel. It is vital to check that your policy includes journeys to this nation. Check if your policy coverage includes medical expenses, repatriation, crisis management, and kidnap-for-ransom cover. The urban medical centres in Iran, particularly in Tehran, provide levels of care in line with international standards. Medical facilities outside major urban areas provide a lower but still adequate standard of care. It may still be necessary to evacuate you for medical and other critical care.

Required Vaccinations:

• Yellow Fever
• Polio (if coming from a country where Polio is endemic)

Pre-Trip Checklist:

• Carry a copy of your passport.
• Bring a necessary supply of prescription medication as well as a copy of your prescription.
• Bring a copy of your prescription in case medication is lost or stolen.
• Install a VPN on all devices.

LGBT Travel Advice for Iran

Travelling to Iran as an LGBTQ+ individual poses significant risks due to the country's conservative societal norms and strict legal framework regarding homosexuality. Overall, LGBTQ+ travellers to Iran face significant risks and should exercise extreme caution. It's advisable to research local laws and customs, avoid overt displays of affection in public, and maintain a low profile during your stay in Iran. Connecting with local LGBTQ+ communities or support networks is not recommended due to the risks involved.